what is required for speciation to occur course hero
A biologist discovers two populations of an insect species whose members appear identical. Members of one population are found in the leaf litter deep inside the woods. Members of the other population are found in the grass at the border of the woods. The biologist decides to designate the members of the ii populations equally ii separate species. Which species concept is this biologist most closely utilizing?
Choose 1 answer.
a. Ecological  | ||
b. Paleontological  | ||
| c. Phylogenetic | ||
| d. Biological |
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A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is:
Choose one reply.
| a. the appearance of new species in the midst of old ones. | ||
| b. asexually reproducing populations. | ||
| c. large populations. | ||
| d. geographic isolation. |
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A population that has been hunted to virtually extinction but is then allowed to recover virtually likely experienced:
Choose one answer.
| a. natural selection. | ||
| b. genetic divergence. | ||
| c. a population bottleneck. | ||
| d. the founder result. |
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Choose the all-time answer to fill up in the blank. The bones in the forelimbs of birds, bats, humans, and whales are idea to be homologous; this implies that all bones volition be the aforementioned except in _______.
Choose one answer.
| a. embryonic origin | ||
| b. position on the body | ||
| c. number | ||
| d. part |
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Cull the best definition of an adaptation. An adaptation refers to:
Cull one reply.
| a. a non-inherited trait that makes organisms more fit in its environment. | ||
| b. a not-inherited trait that makes organism more fit, as a result of the action of natural pick. | ||
| c. a hereditary trait that makes an organism more fit in its surround, and that has arisen as a event of the activeness of natural option. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Consider the following scenario, and then choose the best response. Firecracker seed finches of Africa feed on either big or small seeds, and as a outcome have developed merely large or small beaks. This is likely the result of which of the following?
Choose one answer.
| a. Directional choice | ||
| b. Stabilizing selection | ||
| c. Balancing selection | ||
| d. Disruptive option |
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Consider the post-obit scenario, and then choose the best response. In regions of Africa where malaria is prevalent, the sickle allele (HbS) occurs at a high frequency. Which of the following all-time describes the reason for this?
Choose 1 answer.
| a. HbS is a dominant allele, and therefore should occur at a higher frequency. | ||
| b. It is the but allele present on the continent of Africa. | ||
| c. Heterozygotes in Africa are favored in areas where malaria occurs. | ||
| d. The HbS allele is only present at high frequency considering of genetic migrate. |
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Elaborate tails in male peacocks and birds of paradise are probably a result of:
Cull 1 answer.
| a. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. | ||
| b. genetic migrate. | ||
| c. sexual selection. | ||
| d. inbreeding. |
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Evolutionary theory includes which of the post-obit?
Cull i reply.
| a. Acquired characteristics | ||
| b. Differential survival and reproduction | ||
| c. The idea that resources are unlimited | ||
| d. The utilize and disuse of traits |
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Frogs that breed at dissimilar times in the aforementioned temporary pond are an example of what type of reproductive isolating mechanism?
Choose one respond.
| a. Gametic | ||
| b. Temporal | ||
| c. Behavioral | ||
| d. Ecological |
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Factor flow does which of the following?
Choose one answer.
| a. Enhances the process of speciation | ||
| b. Is necessary for natural pick | ||
| c. Occurs just when migrants reproduce in a new population | ||
| d. All of these |
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Human being infants with intermediate birth weights accept a greater chance of survival than those with either higher or lower birth weights. This result is an example of _______ selection.
Choose one reply.
| a. directional | ||
| b. stabilizing | ||
| c. balancing | ||
| d. disruptive |
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Hybrid breakdown is the outcome of what kind of reproductive isolation?
Cull one answer.
| a. Ecological | ||
| b. Mechanical | ||
| c. Prezygotic | ||
| d. Postzygotic |
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In addition to Charles Darwin, who is given credit for the thought of evolution by natural selection?
Choose one respond.
| a. Alfred Wallace | ||
| b. Charles Lyell | ||
| c. Georges Cuvier | ||
| d. Erasmus Darwin |
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In what mode(s) does/practise bogus selection differ from natural selection? Cull the respond that applies to natural selection only.
Choose one reply.
| a. Future offspring will have greater percent of individuals with favorable traits. | ||
| b. The breed or population undergoes evolution over time. | ||
| c. Individuals with highest fitness volition produce more offspring. | ||
| d. Individuals with otherwise depression fitness might exist able to reproduce. |
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Natural choice acts on which of the following?
Choose one respond.
| a. Individuals | ||
| b. Populations | ||
| c. Species | ||
| d. Families |
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Polyploidy is a more common phenomenon in which of the following?
Cull one answer.
| a. Insects | ||
| b. Mammals | ||
| c. Bacteria | ||
| d. Plants |
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The transfer of a few individuals from 1 natural population into a new area where such individuals didn't previously exist is an example of:
Cull i answer.
| a. gene menses. | ||
| b. genetic migrate. | ||
| c. the bottleneck effect. | ||
| d. the founder result. |
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The wings of a bat and the wings of a wing are _______ and show morphological _______.
Choose one answer.
| a. homologous, convergence | ||
| b. analogues, convergence | ||
| c. homologous, difference | ||
| d. analogues, difference |
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Two closely related species of cats might mate and produce a fertilized egg, which is subsequently aborted. This is an case of:
Choose i respond.
| a. temporal isolation. | ||
| b. hybrid inviability. | ||
| c. hybrid vigor. | ||
| d. hybrid breakdown. |
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What blazon of pick is probably involved when organisms that exhibit one extreme of a trait distribution (such equally acme, weight, etc.) accept a better take a chance of survival than those organisms exhibiting the contrary extreme of the aforementioned trait?
Choose one answer.
| a. Stabilizing selection | ||
| b. Disruptive selection | ||
| c. Balancing selection | ||
| d. Directional selection |
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Which of the following all-time describes Darwin's theory of evolution?
Choose one respond.
| a. Natural choice requires a long time to lead to new species formation. | ||
| b. Darwin'southward views are no longer accepted past biologists. | ||
| c. Characteristics acquired during an individual's life are always passed on to future generations. | ||
| d. Darwin's theory incorporated Mendel's work on patterns of inheritance. |
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Which of the following all-time describes the conditions in which sympatric speciation occurs?
Cull ane answer.
| a. It occurs when individuals are separated past geographical barriers. | ||
| b. It occurs in populations that border 1 some other. | ||
| c. Information technology occurs when individuals living together become reproductively isolated. | ||
| d. None of these |
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Which of the following all-time describes the issue of inbreeding on a population?
Choose one respond.
| a. It increases heterozygosity. | ||
| b. Information technology increases homozygosity. | ||
| c. It results in mating among unrelated individuals. | ||
| d. Both B and C |
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Which of the following best illustrates a biogeographic pattern that provides bear witness of evolution?
Cull i answer.
| a. The forelimbs of sharks, penguins, and seals | ||
| b. Three plant species that occur on unlike continents in the aforementioned type of habitat | ||
| c. Large, flightless species of birds such as rheas, ostrich and emus are found on the iii different continents in the Southern hemisphere. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Which of the post-obit can produce new alleles within a population?
Choose 1 respond.
| a. Mutation. | ||
| b. Migration | ||
| c. Genetic drift | ||
| d. Random mating |
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Which of the post-obit plays the greatest role with respect to the impact of a new mutation?
Choose i answer.
| a. Location of the mutant gene in the genome | ||
| b. The survival of the individuals that behave this mutation | ||
| c. Reproductive success of the individuals that acquit this mutation | ||
| d. All of these |
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Which of the post-obit statements is Non true regarding mutations and their impact on populations' genetics?
Choose one answer.
| a. Mutations are an important source of variation in a population. | ||
| b. Mutations are frequent events and selection hands acts on the new mutations. | ||
| c. Just those mutations with beneficial effects will be favored past natural selection. | ||
| d. Virtually mutations reduce an individual'due south take a chance of surviving and reproducing. |
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Which of the following examples best illustrates Lamarck's proposed mechanism for evolution?
Choose one reply.
| a. Rodenticides applied in an onetime house eliminate some mice, while others survive. | ||
| b. Lions set on a grouping of warthogs, and the faster animals escape. | ||
| c. A father learns to play a musical instrument and expects that his son will be born with a natural power to play. | ||
| d. A person who is tall had a father who was as well very tall. |
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According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individuals is represented by which of the following?
Choose one answer.
| a. p2 | ||
| b. q2 | ||
| c. 2pq | ||
| d. Both A and B |
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Choose the best response based on the post-obit scenario: Individuals drift into a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and they practice not change that equilibrium. Which of the following might be a reason for this?
Cull i answer.
| a. The migrants do not contribute their genes to the new population. | ||
| b. The migrants are only males. | ||
| c. They mate randomly in the new population. | ||
| d. The migrants arrive in large numbers. |
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Choose the all-time response based on the following scenario: In an isolated population of 500 people, 18% are homozygous recessive for a trait that is governed by two alleles. What is the number of heterozygous people in this population?
Cull one respond.
| a. 244 | ||
| b. 32 | ||
| c. 64 | ||
| d. 128 |
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If the frequency of a recessive allele in a population in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is 0.five, what is the expected percent of this allele in the next generation?
Choose one respond.
| a. 20 percent | ||
| b. 50 percent | ||
| c. 80 percentage | ||
| d. 110 percent |
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If the frequency of a recessive allele is 0.26, the frequency of the ascendant allele is:
Cull one answer.
| a. 0.xiii | ||
| b. 0.26 | ||
| c. 0.52 | ||
| d. 0.74 |
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In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive homozygous genotype (q2) is 0.xvi and the frequency of a dominant phenotype (p2 + 2pq) is 0.84. What is the expected frequency of the heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Choose one reply.
| a. 0.48 | ||
| b. 0.nine | ||
| c. 0.27 | ||
| d. 0.8 |
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In a population of birds, the wing feathers pigmentation is adamant by a single gene with the co-dominant pair of alleles (A1 and A2). Genotype A1A1 has dark brown fly color; genotype A1A2 is calorie-free chocolate-brown, and birds with the genotype AtwoAtwo take a light beige wing color. In this population of 1,000 birds, 350 have dark brown wings, 500 have light brown wings, and 150 birds have light beige wings. What is the A1 allele frequency in this population?
Choose one reply.
| a. 0.20 | ||
| b. 0.35 | ||
| c. 0.lx | ||
| d. 0.75 |
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In a study of a natural population of one endangered animal species, researchers collected the data on the observed genotypic frequencies for several genes. When they compared these frequencies with the expected values using the Chi Square test, they found a significant deviation. The researchers concluded that this population is non in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What could be the possible cause?
Choose one answer.
| a. One or more microevolutionary forces are acting in this population. | ||
| b. There is a large number of individuals in the population. | ||
| c. Random mating is occurring in the population. | ||
| d. No evolutionary forces are operating on the population. |
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In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term p2 refers to which of the following?
Choose 1 answer.
| a. The frequency of the dominant allele | ||
| b. The frequency of the homozygous ascendant genotype | ||
| c. The frequency of recessive alleles in a population | ||
| d. The frequency of the heterozygotes in a population |
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Microevolution is the issue of which of the following?
Choose one answer.
| a. Genetic drift | ||
| b. Mutation | ||
| c. Natural pick | ||
| d. All of these |
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The frequency of heterozygotes in a population will be maximized when the dominant allele is nowadays at what frequency?
Choose one answer.
| a. one | ||
| b. 0.75 | ||
| c. 0.v | ||
| d. 0.25 |
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When option favors heterozygotes over homozygotes:
Cull i answer.
| a. both alleles are maintained at a frequency different from that predicted past Hardy-Weinberg principles, based on the strength of option against the recessive allele. | ||
| b. the selective advantage afforded the deleterious allele in the heterozygote exactly balances the selective disadvantage suffered past homozygous recessive individuals. | ||
| c. genetic variety in the population tin exist maintained in such fashion. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Which evolutionary force intensifies as the size of a population decreases?
Choose one answer.
| a. Natural selection | ||
| b. Genetic drift | ||
| c. Mutation | ||
| d. Mating preference |
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Which of the following is an example of random mating?
Cull one answer.
| a. Females choose males that take a specific set of characteristics similar to themselves. | ||
| b. A female bird will mate only with males that perform the best courtship displays. | ||
| c. Males look for females that are distinctly different in advent from themselves. | ||
| d. Males mate with any females they come across. |
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Which of the post-obit microevolutionary forces is Non likely to disrupt a population that is in genetic equilibrium?
Cull one answer.
| a. Pocket-sized population size | ||
| b. Mutation | ||
| c. Random mating | ||
| d. Gene period |
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Which statement(due south) are truthful?
Choose one answer.
| a. Inbreeding can change genotypic frequencies, merely in the absence of another evolutionary force, will not alter allele frequencies. | ||
| b. Selection is more efficient at removing dominant rather than recessive alleles from a population. | ||
| c. Mutation, acting alone, is a weak evolutionary force. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Co-ordinate to the Militarist-Dove game, which of the following is true?
Choose 1 reply.
| a. The greatest payoff for thespian one occurs when both players are doves. | ||
| b. The greatest payoff for histrion 1 occurs when both players are hawks. | ||
| c. The greatest payoff for player i occurs when thespian 1 is a dove and histrion two is a hawk. | ||
| d. The greatest payoff for thespian i occurs when player 1 is a hawk and actor 2 is a dove. |
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An evolutionary stable strategy does which of the following?
Choose i respond.
| a. Applies to the social behavior of animals | ||
| b. Resists invasion by alternative strategies | ||
| c. Is a class of a Nash Equilibrium | ||
| d. All of these |
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Coevolution refers to which of the following?
Cull one respond.
| a. Species that alive with one another | ||
| b. Species that have a mutual evolutionary influence | ||
| c. Species that form fertile hybrids | ||
| d. Species that have diverged from one another |
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Evolutionary Game Theory links biology to which of the post-obit subjects?
Choose one answer.
| a. Economic science | ||
| b. Psychology | ||
| c. Geography | ||
| d. Philosophy |
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If the Prisoner's dilemma is played once, according to a cooperative-defect matrix, the highest payoff occurs in which of the following situations?
Choose i answer.
| a. When both players cooperate | ||
| b. When both players defect | ||
| c. When player 1 cooperates and actor 2 defects | ||
| d. When role player 1 defects and player two cooperates |
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The Red Queen Hypothesis is associated with which of the following?
Choose ane answer.
| a. Coevolution | ||
| b. Gene catamenia | ||
| c. Mimicry | ||
| d. Population growth |
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When does Nash equilibrium occur?
Choose 1 reply.
| a. When one player chooses the best response to another player's actions and the other player does non | ||
| b. When neither histrion chooses the best response to the other player'south deportment | ||
| c. When both players choose the all-time response to the other player's actions | ||
| d. All of these |
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Which of the following does Not stand for an example of an evolutionary artillery race?
Choose one respond.
| a. Length of bills in birds, used to crack different size seed | ||
| b. Root systems of plants, reaching to h2o resources of the neighboring plant | ||
| c. The corporeality of toxin in a salamander species that is an easy prey for snakes | ||
| d. Pathogenic bacteria that develop antibiotic resistance |
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Which of the post-obit provide(south) evidence of predator-prey coevolution?
Choose one answer.
| a. Galapagos tortoise and cactus branch tiptop | ||
| b. Acacia ants and acacia copse | ||
| c. Coloration in polar bears and the seals they chase | ||
| d. Both A and C |
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If we extended the Prisoner's dilemma to competition between males for mates, the most sustainable long-term strategy for the population would exist:
Choose ane answer.
| a. for one male to be a killer and the other a not-killer. | ||
| b. for both males to endeavor and kill the other. | ||
| c. for both males to avoid trying to kill the other. | ||
| d. All strategies are equally successful in the long term. |
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Dolphins and ichthyosaurs look like just are not closely related to one some other. They are considered to be which of the following?
Choose i answer.
| a. Coordinating | ||
| b. Paralogous | ||
| c. Orthologous | ||
| d. Homologous |
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Phylogenies can exist used for which of the following?
Choose 1 reply.
| a. To empathise history of change in a character | ||
| b. To test hypotheses about the origins of particular characters | ||
| c. As legal evidence in a court | ||
| d. All of these |
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Suppose that yous demand to construct a phylogeny from the genetic altitude (difference) matrix data in the table below. The numbers (.065 to .280) show a relative genetic distance between the species (1–v). Which species are closely related and therefore might be grouped together in a phylogeny?
Choose one reply.
| a. 1 and 2 but | ||
| b. 3 and 4 just | ||
| c. one and 5, every bit well as 2 and 5 | ||
| d. 1 and two, likewise as 3 and 4 |
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The cladistic method of analysis is based on which of the following?
Choose one reply.
| a. A common evolutionary history | ||
| b. Various measures of similarity | ||
| c. The weighting of character data | ||
| d. Paraphyletic groupings |
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What is the right social club of events for conducting a phylogenetic analysis?
Choose i answer.
| a. Extraction and alignment, determining the substitution model, tree edifice, tree evaluation | ||
| b. Tree building, extraction and alignment, determining the substitution model, tree evaluation | ||
| c. Determining the substitution model, tree edifice, tree evaluation, extraction and alignment | ||
| d. Tree building, tree evaluation, extraction and alignment, determining the commutation model |
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What is the historical relationship among lineages or organisms chosen?
Choose one answer.
| a. Taxonomy | ||
| b. Systematics | ||
| c. A phylogeny | ||
| d. Natural selection |
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What is the method of deciding on the correct phylogenetic tree that has the fewest number of steps?
Choose one answer.
| a. Branch and bound | ||
| b. Bayesian clustering | ||
| c. Maximum likelihood | ||
| d. Parsimony |
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What is the model of character evolution that occurs through gradual, small changes accumulating over time?
Choose one answer.
| a. Punctuated gradualism | ||
| b. Punctuated equilibrium | ||
| c. Phyletic equilibrium | ||
| d. Phyletic gradualism |
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What is the term associated with a grouping of species derived from a single common ancestor?
Choose one answer.
| a. Monophyly | ||
| b. Paraphyly | ||
| c. Polyphyly | ||
| d. Both A and B |
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When practise gene copse and species trees differ in appearance?
Cull one answer.
| a. When mutation and speciation events occur at different rates | ||
| b. They never differ in appearance. | ||
| c. When mutation and speciation events occur at the aforementioned charge per unit | ||
| d. They always differ in appearance. |
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Which of the post-obit all-time describes genes that are paralogous?
Cull one answer.
| a. They are always located on dissimilar chromosomes. | ||
| b. They might have different functions. | ||
| c. They result from cistron duplication. | ||
| d. Both B and C |
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Which of the following is Not an supposition of building a phylogenetic tree?
Choose one respond.
| a. Sequences are correct and from the specified source. | ||
| b. Sequences are homologous with others in the alignment. | ||
| c. Sampling of taxa is adequate to resolve trouble under written report. | ||
| d. Sequence variation among samples is representative of only the samples involved. |
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Which of the post-obit is true with respect to an outgroup in a phylogeny construction?
Cull one reply.
| a. An outgroup is used to help align members of the ingroup. | ||
| b. An outgroup tin be used to root a tree. | ||
| c. An outgroup is less closely related to a member of the ingroup than ingroup members are to each other. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Which of the post-obit refers to the situation in which all species in a grouping share a common ancestor, but non all the species are derived from that mutual ancestor?
Cull one respond.
| a. Polyphyly | ||
| b. Paraphyly | ||
| c. Monophyly | ||
| d. None of these |
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Which of the post-obit is the most conclusive testify used to constitute the relationship of closely related species?
Choose one answer.
| a. Fossil remains | ||
| b. Traditional taxonomy | ||
| c. Automatic DNA sequencing | ||
| d. Homologous structures |
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Cull the all-time reply. Fossils establish farther down in a layer of stone are most likely:
Choose one answer.
| a. more recent. | ||
| b. more ancient. | ||
| c. from strata closer to the Earth's surface. | ||
| d. associated with a single taxon. |
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Endosymbiotic theory refers to which of the post-obit?
Choose one answer.
| a. The symbiotic relationship between bacteria and the digestive systems of herbivores | ||
| b. The coevolution of leaner and humans | ||
| c. The evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in the eukaryotic cells | ||
| d. The origin of prokaryotic organisms on Earth |
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Georges Cuvier pointed out that natural catastrophes of the Globe'southward geological by are a adept explanation for:
Choose one answer.
| a. the theory that all organisms evolved from a mutual ancestor. | ||
| b. natural selection. | ||
| c. fossil records. | ||
| d. the creation of all organisms. |
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Microfossils of ancient single cell organisms reveal:
Choose ane reply.
| a. that life on world is at least 3.v billion years old. | ||
| b. that an increment in the amount of oxygen on our planet coincides with the evolution of photosynthetic bacteria. | ||
| c. that the first Eukaryotes originated less than ii billion years agone. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are jail cell organelles plant in the Eukaryotic organisms. What is the current theory regarding their origins?
Choose one reply.
| a. These organelles developed as enfolding of the prokaryotic cell membrane. | ||
| b. These organelles developed from the prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by the other cells. | ||
| c. Mitochondria might have originated from the photosynthetic bacteria, while chloroplasts originated from the aerobic bacteria. | ||
| d. There is no scientific evidence for the Endosymbiosis theory. |
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One of the Globe's largest extinctions occurred at the terminate of which geological catamenia?
Cull ane answer.
| a. Paleozoic Era | ||
| b. Cenozoic Era | ||
| c. Cambrian | ||
| d. Pre-Cambrian |
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The Cambrian Explosion resulted in:
Choose one respond.
| a. the germination of all of the plant phyla. | ||
| b. the formation of all major animal phyla. | ||
| c. the age of the reptiles, such every bit dinosaurs. | ||
| d. the formation of single cell, eukaryotic variety. |
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The primeval prokaryotes existed:
Choose one answer.
| a. 500,000 years ago. | ||
| b. 1.v million years ago. | ||
| c. 2.5 million years agone. | ||
| d. 3.5 1000000 years ago. |
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The finish of the dinosaurs occurred during which geological catamenia?
Choose one answer.
| a. Jurassic | ||
| b. Cambrian | ||
| c. Carboniferous | ||
| d. Cretaceous |
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The offset animals can be traced back to which geological period?
Choose one reply.
| a. Mesozoic Era | ||
| b. Cretaceous Era | ||
| c. Permian Era | ||
| d. Pre-Cambrian |
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The water ice age that began approximately 2 meg years agone is called:
Choose one answer.
| a. the climatic optimum. | ||
| b. the piffling water ice age. | ||
| c. the Pleistocene ice historic period. | ||
| d. the Holocene ice age. |
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The Punctuated equilibrium model of macroevolution was proposed by paleontologists to explain some discrepancies in the fossil tape. Which of the post-obit is truthful nigh this model?
Cull one answer.
| a. Punctuated equilibrium model proposes that speciation could only exist tedious and gradual. | ||
| b. The pattern in the fossil record indicates that most species undergo relatively trivial change over long period of fourth dimension, and that long periods of stasis were punctuated with a rapid alter. | ||
| c. The pattern in the fossil tape indicates that well-nigh species undergo rapid change and that evolutionary process is much faster than originally thought. | ||
| d. None of these |
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What was the contribution of geologist Charles Lyell to the development of evolutionary theory?
Cull one answer.
| a. He provided testify that Earth is about six,500 years former. | ||
| b. He provided bear witness of numerous catastrophic events encountered during human evolution. | ||
| c. He discovered further show to support Lamarck's theories. | ||
| d. He asserted that geologic events occur over long periods and operate co-ordinate to consequent processes over time. |
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Which is NOT considered a volcanic mountain?
Cull one answer.
| a. Mountain Fuji | ||
| b. Mount Washington | ||
| c. Mauna Loa | ||
| d. Mount Vesuvius |
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Which of the following can cause global temperature shifts?
Choose ane answer.
| a. Shifting continents | ||
| b. Variations in the Earth's orbit | ||
| c. Solar reflectivity | ||
| d. All of these |
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Which of the following is NOT part of plate tectonics?
Choose one answer.
| a. The World's surface is covered by a series of crustal plates. | ||
| b. The ocean floors are continually moving, spreading from the center, sinking at the edges, and regenerating. | ||
| c. Convection currents below the plates motion the crustal plates in different directions. | ||
| d. The source of heat driving the convection currents is the sun. |
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Which of the post-obit locations had the almost impact on Darwin in developing his theory of the origin of species past the means of natural selection?
Choose one answer.
| a. North America | ||
| b. His adolescence neighborhood in England | ||
| c. The Galápagos Islands | ||
| d. East Africa |
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Which of the following organisms would you NOT expect to find preserved every bit a fossil?
Cull 1 answer.
| a. A jellyfish | ||
| b. A shelled arthropod | ||
| c. A mosquito | ||
| d. A trilobite |
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Which of the following statements is true?
Cull one reply.
| a. Humans probably migrated from Asia to North America across the Bering State Bridge. | ||
| b. Humans evolved independently in Africa, Asia and Northward America. | ||
| c. Humans never lived in North America until the 15th century. | ||
| d. Humans probably inhabited North and South America using ships every bit means of transportation. |
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Why is the fossil record considered incomplete?
Choose 1 respond.
| a. The heating of the Earth'south interior eliminates evidence of fossils. | ||
| b. There are too few professionals to interpret the fossil record. | ||
| c. Information technology is biased toward organisms that tin be fossilized. | ||
| d. There are simply besides few fossils to produce a clear record. |
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A notochord and a dorsal hollow nervus chord are characteristics of:
Cull one answer.
| a. arthropods. | ||
| b. brachiopods. | ||
| c. chordates. | ||
| d. echinodermata. |
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Clams and squids vest to what brute phylum?
Choose ane answer.
| a. Mollusca | ||
| b. Cnidaria | ||
| c. Porifera | ||
| d. Platyhelminthes |
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Hair and mammary glands best describe which of the following?
Choose one reply.
| a. Fish | ||
| b. Amphibians | ||
| c. Birds | ||
| d. Mammals |
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In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?
Choose one answer.
| a. Flowering constitute | ||
| b. Fern | ||
| c. Conifer | ||
| d. Moss |
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Nematodes are characterized past which of the post-obit?
Choose one reply.
| a. Well-developed digestive systems | ||
| b. Pseudocoeloms every bit adults | ||
| c. An absence of circulatory systems | ||
| d. All of these |
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Sponges possess which of the post-obit characteristics associated with all Poriferans?
Choose one reply.
| a. Asymmetry | ||
| b. Complex digestive tract | ||
| c. Radial symmetry | ||
| d. Bilateral symmetry |
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Which of the animate being phyla has the largest number of species in the entire kingdom?
Choose i answer.
| a. Arthropods | ||
| b. Nematodes | ||
| c. Molluscs | ||
| d. Annelids |
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Which of the following are the only extant (living) animals that descended straight from dinosaurs?
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Which of the post-obit is an example from the division pterophyta?
Choose one answer.
| a. A moss | ||
| b. A fern | ||
| c. A tree | ||
| d. A fungus |
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Which of the following is considered to be endothermic?
Choose one respond.
| a. Mammals | ||
| b. Birds | ||
| c. Amphibians | ||
| d. Both A and B |
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Which of the following is NOT a gymnosperm?
Choose one answer.
| a. Cycad | ||
| b. Ginkgo | ||
| c. Sago palm | ||
| d. Cherry tree |
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Which of the following is Non a fellow member of the Eukaryota?
Choose one reply.
| a. Fungi | ||
| b. Protists | ||
| c. Animals | ||
| d. Eubacteria |
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Why is a liverwort considered a non-vascular plant?
Cull one answer.
| a. Considering it produces flowers | ||
| b. Considering it does not contain any root structure | ||
| c. Because it does not comprise conducting cells with lignin | ||
| d. Because information technology produces seeds |
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Working from deep geologic strata toward shallow geologic strata, what is the sequence in which fossils of these groups should brand their starting time appearance?
1. chordates
2. Cyanobacteria
3. Cycads
4. flowering plants
Choose one answer.
| a. 3 → ii → four → ane | ||
| b. ii → ane → 3 → 4 | ||
| c. 1 → 3 → ii → iv | ||
| d. three → 1 → ii → four |
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Unicellular organisms that are typically plant in extreme environments, such as thermal vents and extreme salinity, vest to what kingdom and/or domain of life?
Choose one answer.
| a. Fungi | ||
| b. Archaea | ||
| c. Plantae | ||
| d. Animalia |
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Primitive hominins shared an increasing number of physiological features with the genus Homo. They announced to have been capable of bipedal locomotion and made stone tools. When did the first members of the genus Homo appear in the fossil records?
Cull one answer.
| a. ~100,000 years ago | ||
| b. ~1 million years ago | ||
| c. ~ii.3 million years ago | ||
| d. ~3.5 million years ago |
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Humans are role of a super-family known as the Hominoidea. This clade consists of eight living genera. Which of following genera are more closely related to Humans than to the other genera?
Choose i answer.
| a. Orangutans (Pongo) | ||
| b. Gorillas (Gorilla) | ||
| c. Chimpanzees (Pan) | ||
| d. Gibbon genera |
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Races of humans are unlikely to evolve extensive differences because:
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Which of the following hypotheses on the fate of pre-modern hominin populations in Europe and Asia has more support in the recent studies?
Choose one answer.
| a. The multiregional hypothesis, which predicts that humans in different regions are descended from premodern hominins in Europe, Asia and Africa | ||
| b. Out of Africa hypothesis, which proposes that modernistic humans evolved in Africa almost 2 million years ago | ||
| c. Out of Africa hypothesis, which proposes that 100,000 years ago, modernistic Homo sapiens emerged in Africa, and so moved out of Africa, where information technology replaced other pre-mod hominins of Europe and Asia | ||
| d. Out of Europe hypothesis, which proposes that Man sapiens evolved in Europe and spread to the other continents over the past 50,000 years |
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Which of the following is NOT right regarding Human evolution?
Cull one answer.
| a. Modern Human sapiens are believed to have evolved in Europe 10,000 years ago. | ||
| b. Australopithecus species had relatively larger brain (compared to torso size) compared with the Homo erectus. | ||
| c. Neanderthal and modern humans are not equally different from each other as we originally thought, and it is possible that our genomes carry some Neanderthal genes. | ||
| d. Neanderthal and humans both lived in different times and locations in Europe. |
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Below is a list of some initial problems with Darwin's theory that have been addressed with advances of genetics and the modern evolutionary biology. Which one is not a role of Darwin's Theory of Evolution?
Choose one answer.
| a. Accounting for circuitous structures with multiple intricate parts. | ||
| b. Explaining traits and organs of seemingly footling importance. | ||
| c. The sorting process of natural selection and why it doesn't run out of variation to sort on? | ||
| d. The theory of special cosmos proposes that life originated recently and that species practice not change. |
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In order to sympathize the origin of life on our planet, evolutionary biologists collaborate with:
Choose one answer.
| a. chemists. | ||
| b. geologists. | ||
| c. atmospheric scientists. | ||
| d. All of these |
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Theory of Special Creation is based on _______, while Theory of Evolution is based on _______.
Choose i answer.
| a. scientific prove; religion | ||
| b. evidence; scientific prove | ||
| c. faith, scientific evidence | ||
| d. conviction, scattered evidence |
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Which of the following all-time describes an bookish position on science and faith, especially in calorie-free of evolutionary theory?
Cull one answer.
| a. Evolutionary biology has a consummate answer for the human nature. | ||
| b. Development of life is just a theory. | ||
| c. Evolution of life is not founded by evidence. | ||
| d. An evolutionary biologist, just as any other scientist could also be a person of organized religion. |
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Source: https://saylordotorg.github.io/LegacyExams/BIO/BIO312/BIO312-FinalExam-Answers.html
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